GENETICS AND KETOGENIC DIET

The PPARG gene (peroxisoma proliferator-activated receptor gamma) has been associated in several studies such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and risk of type 2 diabetes. The PPARG is a cellular receptor that plays several different roles in the body, including being involved in the regulation of armamentarium. of fatty acids and no glycose metabolism. It is activated by omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and regulates the creation of new fat armament cells. In addition to regulating the genes involved in fat storage, PPARG also helps in regulating the circadian rhythm of insulin sensitivity over a 24-hour cycle. PPARG can be considered a portal that activates a fat cell to store more fatty acids, removing circulation. This is because the body's cells absorb glycose (mainly from carbohydrates) and use it as energy. The activity of PPAR-α is necessary for ketosis and individuals carrying the Pro allele of the rs8196278 polymorphism present a compromise in the process and tend not to respond less to greater fat consumption. When practicing the ketogenic diet in these individuals, we can present higher BMI, higher levels of glucose, insulin and higher HOMA index when subjected to high fat consumption, especially saturated fat. Finally, carriers of genetic variants of the PPAR-α gene risk in diets rich in saturated fat and intermittent jejunes decrease the metabolization of fatty acids and ketosis and cause adverse reactions to the ketogenic diet.

 Also, carriers of the E4 allele of the APOE gene may present higher levels of LDL cholesterol, lower levels of HDL, and more intense inflammatory and neuroinflammatory processes, or that they increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and Alzheimer's disease when they consume more than 10% of energy from saturated fat. People with APOE3 genotypes (CT for RS429358) and APOE4 (CC for rs7412) can cause very high cholesterol when eating a diet rich in saturated fat. A ketonic diet is contraindicated in this case, because it increases the risk of cardiac problems. 

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