POSSIBLE CAUSES OF HYPOTHYROIDISM

STRESS AND INFLAMMATION: high acute or chronic stress can impair thyroid function and hypothyroidism is associated with higher levels of CRP, ESR and IL-6;

INSUFFICIENCY OR EXCESS OF NUTRIENTS: iodine, selenium, zinc, iron and vitamin A can impair thyroid function, while excess fluoride and iodine can damage thyroid cells;

AUTOIMMUNE CONDITIONS: including Hashimoto's disease and other autoimmune etiologies;

CONGENITAL OR PITUITARY DISORDER: defective or absent thyroid at birth, or pituitary gland failure to produce sufficient TSH;

TOXINS: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as BPA have been implicated in hypothyroidism;

PREGNANCY AND MENOPAUSE: Some women produce thyroid antibodies during/after pregnancy. Estradiol reduces iodine uptake and increases thyroxine- binding globulin (TBG), reducing free thyroid hormones;

MEDICATIONS: Amiodarone, lithium, IFN-α and IL-2 can interfere with thyroid hormone production;

REDUCED ABSORPTION OF THYROID HORMONE REPLACEMENT: Certain medications (e.g., PPIs,  cholestyramine , colesevelam , ciprofloxacin , sevelamer , aluminum hydroxide antacids, etc.), supplements (e.g. , iron , calcium), and coffee reduce intestinal absorption of thyroid hormone replacement.

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