Types of Schizophrenia

 People diagnosed with schizophrenia have three distinct chemical classifications or phenotypes that account for 90% of cases:

❖ Overmethylated schizophrenia: Overmethylation is the dominant chemical imbalance for approximately 42% of people diagnosed with schizophrenia. Laboratory indications include total blood histamine levels below 40 ng/ml, absolute basophil levels below 30, and serum copper above 120 mcg/dl. This phenotype of schizophrenia involves activity at dopamine and norepinephrine receptors, possibly caused by epigenetic inhibition of active dopamine transporters and elevated copper levels. Primary symptoms typically include auditory hallucinations, paranoia, agitation, and extreme anxiety. The most common diagnosis is paranoid schizophrenia.

❖ Undermethylated schizophrenia: Severely depressed folate levels are present in cases of undermethylation in the schizophrenic population. The dominant symptoms are usually delusions, although mild hallucinations are sometimes present. Laboratory indications are total blood histamine above 70 ng/ml and elevated blood basophils. Polymorphisms in folate and cobalamin (B12) metabolism are common in these cases of schizophrenia. Folate is altered with atypical antipsychotic use and the MTHFR risk alleles C677T and A1298C. Folate depletion impairs methylation metabolism. Most mentally ill patients exhibiting this imbalance respond well to methylation therapies. 

❖ And a severe oxidative stress condition called pyrrolic schizophrenia: This phenotype involves a severe overload of oxidative stress that impairs brain function. This condition usually results in very high levels of pyrroles and murine along with severe deficiencies of zinc and vitamin B6. Pyrroles are harmless byproducts involved in the production of hemoglobin, which most people have some of these byproducts in their blood, but some people have elevated levels that can cause problems. 

About 20% of schizophrenics have this severe version of this imbalance and report improvement after zinc and vitamin B6 therapy. This condition involves oxidative stress caused by free radicals and depleted levels of glutathione, metallothionein and other protective proteins causing inhibition of glutamate activity at NMDA receptors.

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