Dairy products and migraines
Casein, a milk protein, is the
main trigger for migraines in dairy products. Consuming skim or lactose-free
milk makes no difference in these cases. Alternatives to avoid migraines are
type A2 milk such as goat's milk, buffalo milk, plant-based milks and dairy
products such as semi-cured cheese and natural yogurt, as fermentation modifies
the structure of casein, making it easier to digest. Due to changes in
intestinal permeability, peptide fragments released from the protein digestion
of casein (milk protein) and gluten generate short-chain peptides, structurally
similar to opioids, which cross the blood-brain barrier of the central nervous
system and can trigger migraine episodes.
In the case of lactose
intolerance, the LCT gene controls the levels of an enzyme called lactase,
which is necessary to digest the milk sugar (lactose) found in milk. Lactase is
produced on the surface of the microvilli of the small intestine. Individuals
with this genetic variant are most likely unable to metabolize lactose properly
in the small intestine due to inactivation of lactase. After consumption of
milk and dairy products in general, lactose passes into the colon, where it is
fermented by enteric bacteria. Possible symptoms of this lactose digestion
deficiency include headaches, cramps, bloating, and flatulence.
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