How to stop smoking

    Nicotine is a substance found naturally in tobacco and is responsible for chemical dependence on cigarettes. Several factors can influence nicotine dependence, such as the need to smoke to alleviate some emotional discomfort, to keep up with other habits and the environment itself. Furthermore, genetic variations between individuals can influence the predisposition to develop dependence on this substance. Abnormalities in the metabolism of acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and serotonin contribute to nicotine dependence.

    Genetic variations between individuals can influence the predisposition to develop dependence on this substance. The CHRNA3 gene encodes the alpha 3 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. The encoded protein is a ligand-gated ion channel that likely plays a role in neurotransmission and neurotransmitter release following exposure to a stimulant, such as with nicotine ingestion. The AA genotype (rs16969968) is associated with decreased receptor function, so it presents an increased risk for a high number of cigarettes smoked per day. The CHRNA5 gene, located on chromosome 15, is responsible for a protein that acts in the rapid transmission of signals between neurons. Furthermore, it participates in the production of structures that are part of nicotinic receptors. People who have the A allele in this polymorphism are predisposed to developing nicotine dependence, but the predisposition is even greater in people who have two copies of this allele.

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