Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)

    Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract wall that can affect the entire intestinal tract (Crohn's disease) or be confined to the rectum and colon (ulcerative colitis). They are associated with impaired biodiversity and composition of bacterial, fungal, parasitic and viral microbiota, which are believed to play a role in the pathogenesis and/or progression of the disease. In addition to bacteria, the intestinal microbiota is also composed of viruses. Although studies focusing on viruses are still rare, the presence or absence of some families appears to be a specific marker of CD and UC. The dysbiosis observed in IBD may be related to an alteration of the intestinal epithelium, which is no longer able to perform its barrier role, as well as to a dysregulation of the local innate immune system response that promotes inflammation.

 

    Dysbiotic profiles associated with IBD generally present a decreased abundance of F. prausnitzii and an increased presence of Enterobacteriaceae, including E. coli. Other bacteria possibly involved in the onset of IBD are Mycobacterium avium, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Ruminococcus gnavus, but viruses and fungi (S. cerevisiae and C. albicans) are also believed to play a role in the development of the disease.

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