Possible Causes of Vitamin D Deficiency

Limited exposure to sunlight:

-Due to lifestyle (mostly indoors, wearing clothing that covers most of the skin)

-Living in northern latitudes, where there is less sun exposure, especially in winter.

-Using sunscreen, which blocks the sun's rays that the skin needs to produce vitamin D.

 

Dietary factors:

-Following a strict vegan diet. Most natural sources of vitamin D are animal-based.

 

-Malabsorption problems due to conditions such as celiac disease, Crohn's disease, and cystic fibrosis, which affect the intestine's ability to absorb fat (vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin).

 

Health conditions:

-Obesity: Fat cells extract vitamin D from the blood, altering its release into the circulation.

-Kidney and liver disease: These conditions can affect the ability to convert vitamin D to its active form.

-Hyperparathyroidism: Overactive parathyroid glands can cause excessive calcium absorption, which can result in vitamin D deficiency.

 

Age:

-Older people have thinner skin, which can result in less vitamin D being produced when exposed to sunlight.

-The ability to convert vitamin D to its active form decreases with age.

 

Genetics:

-Variations in genes related to vitamin D metabolism:

GC (encodes the binding protein that maintains the blood concentration of 25(OH)D), VDR (encodes the vitamin D receptor), and/or CYP2R1, CYP27B1, and CYP24A1 genes, which are involved in converting vitamin D to its active form.

 

Other factors:

-Certain medications can alter vitamin D metabolism, such as anticonvulsants, glucocorticoids, antifungals, and HIV/AIDS medications.

-Infections, especially those resulting in prolonged inflammation, can influence vitamin D status. Chronic infections can lead to lower vitamin D levels due to increased inflammation and metabolic demand.

-Chronic stress and high cortisol levels can also potentially impact vitamin D levels. 

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