Potential mechanism of the ketogenic diet in epilepsy

     The antiepileptic effects of ketogenic diets remain an area of active research, and while the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, several hypotheses have been proposed:

- Enhanced Inhibitory Neurotransmission: Ketones produced during ketosis may enhance the production and release of inhibitory neurotransmitters, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which dampen neuronal excitability and help regulate seizure activity. This increased availability of inhibitory neurotransmitters may contribute to the antiepileptic effects of ketogenic diets.

- Reduction of Neuronal Excitability: Ketones, particularly beta-hydroxybutyrate, may directly modulate neuronal excitability by influencing ion channel activity and membrane potential, leading to a reduction in neuronal hyperexcitability. This effect could help stabilize abnormal electrical activity in the brain and reduce the propensity for seizures.

- Improved Mitochondrial Function: Ketogenic diets have been shown to enhance mitochondrial function and biogenesis, leading to improved energy production and metabolic efficiency within brain cells. By optimizing cellular energy metabolism, ketogenic diets may support neuronal health  and resilience, potentially reducing the risk of seizures.