Psoriasis

     Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition in which the skin is characterized by itchy scales, inflammation, and redness. It usually occurs on the scalp, knees, elbows, hands, and feet. In this disease, immune cells in the blood attack newly produced skin cells. This causes an overproduction of new skin cells beneath the surface of the skin, which triggers the symptoms of psoriasis.There are many factors involved in this complex condition. Research strongly suggests that genetics play a role in the development of psoriasis. In fact, having a family member with psoriasis increases the risk of developing it. The genetic basis of psoriasis is supported by association studies with human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), genome-wide linkage scans, and studies of candidate genes within and outside the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region.

 Pathophysiology: Multifactorial immune-mediated disease involving genetic factors, immune system disruptions, and environmental triggers. For inflammation to continue to a chronic state and cause autoimmunity, three distinct factors must be present:

-Genetic susceptibility

 -Environmental triggers

-Leaky gut

 Prevalence: Affects 2%-3% of the population, often appearing between the ages of 15 and 20 with two common peaks of incidence (20-30 years of age and 50-60 years of age).

Several genes involved in immune system function and inflammation, such as HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, CTLA4, IL6, TNF, GC, and VDR, increase the risk of developing autoimmune conditions such as psoriasis. Other factors that contribute to psoriasis may include stress, smoking, obesity, cold and dry weather, HIV infection, drugs (beta-clockers, antimalarials), alcohol, corticosteroid withdrawal, mechanical injuries and trauma, and streptococcal infections.

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