TYPES OF IMMUNE CELLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

1. Mast cells

Dilates blood vessels.

Induces inflammation through the release of histamines and heparin.

Recruits macrophages and neutrophils.

Plays roles in wound healing, defense against pathogens, and allergic reactions.

Location: Connective tissues and mucous membranes.

 

2. Macrophages

Phagocytic cell that consumes pathogens and cancer cells.

Stimulates the response of other immune cells.

Location: Migrates from blood vessels to tissues.

 

3. Natural Killer (NK) Cell

Kills tumor cells and cells infected by viruses.

Location: Circulates in the blood and migrates to tissues.

 

4. Dendritic cell

Displays antigens on its surface to trigger adaptive immunity.

Location: Found in epithelial tissue, such as skin, lungs, and digestive tract. Migrates to lymph nodes when activated.

 

5. Monocyte

Differentiates into macrophages and dendritic cells during inflammation.

Location: Stored in spleen; moves through blood vessels to infected tissues.

 

6. Neutrophil

First responders at sites of infection or trauma.

A phagocytic cell representing 50-60% of white blood cells.

Releases toxins to inhibit bacteria and fungi and recruits other immune cells.

Location: Migrates from blood vessels to tissues.

 

7. Basophil

Defends against parasites.

Releases histamines causing inflammation, linked to allergic reactions.

Location: Circulates in blood and migrates to tissues.

 

8. Eosinophils

Releases toxins to kill bacteria and parasites.

May cause tissue damage.

Location: Circulates in blood and migrates to tissues.