Types of neurotransmitters

1. Amino Acids
Examples: Glutamate, GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid), Glycine
Functions:
 - Glutamate: The primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, essential for learning and memory.
 - GABA: The main inhibitory neurotransmitter, responsible for reducing neuronal excitability and promoting relaxation.
 - Glycine: Acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, particularly in the spinal cord.

2. Monoamines
Examples: Dopamine, Serotonin, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, Histamine
Functions:
 - Dopamine: Regulates reward, motivation, and motor control.
 - Serotonin: Involved in mood regulation, appetite, and sleep.
 - Norepinephrine: Plays a role in alertness, attention, and the fight-or-flight response.
 - Epinephrine: Also known as adrenaline, it prepares the body for stress-related responses.
 - Histamine: Regulates immune responses, gastric acid secretion, and wakefulness.

3. Peptides
Examples: Substance P, Endorphins, Oxytocin
Functions:
 - Substance P: Involved in pain perception.
 - Endorphins: Natural painkillers that also create a sense of euphoria.
 - Oxytocin: Plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation.

4. Purines
Examples: ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), Adenosine
Functions:
 - ATP acts as a signaling molecule in pain and other physiological processes.
 - Adenosine promotes sleep and suppresses arousal.

5. Others
Examples: Acetylcholine, Nitric Oxide
Functions:
 - Acetylcholine: Vital for muscle contraction, memory, and attention.
 - Nitric Oxide: Acts as a gaseous neurotransmitter, involved in vasodilation and neural plasticity.


Functions of Neurotransmitters

- Mood and emotion (e.g., serotonin, dopamine)

- Cognition and memory (e.g., acetylcholine, glutamate)

- Sleep and wake cycles (e.g., serotonin, histamine)

 -Stress and arousal (e.g., norepinephrine, epinephrine)

 -Pain perception (e.g., substance P, endorphins)

 -Motor control (e.g., dopamine, acetylcholine)


Drug Interaction with Neurotransmitters

 -Antidepressants: SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) increase serotonin levels.

 -Anxiolytics: Benzodiazepines enhance GABA's inhibitory effect.

-Stimulants: Amphetamines increase dopamine and norepinephrine release.

-Painkillers: Opioids mimic endorphins to reduce pain.

-Hallucinogens: Alter serotonin receptor activity. 

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